Working Paper

John Adams: Executive Power and His Presidency

By Gary J. Schmitt | Joseph M. Bessette

Social Science Research Network

July 14, 2023

This essay analyzes John Adams’s understanding of executive power and Adams’s practice as president. Its principal focus is the constitutional issues surrounding Adams’s handling of the national security crisis with France and the resulting Quasi-War. It examines Adams’s views on executive leadership, his administration’s relationship with Congress, and Adams’s relationship with his own cabinet–all within the context of the rise of national partisan politics and the emergence of the Republican Party.

Download Working Paper PDF